> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.rainbowstandard.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.rainbowstandard.io/methodologies/biogenic-carbon-capture-and-storage-bioccs/appendix.md).

# Appendix

### Secondary data: Biomass storage emissions

The table below specifies secondary data for the calculation of biomass storage emissions. Biomass storage emissions are calculated as part of the emissions from [CO<sub>2</sub> generation](#generation-of-co2) and/or [Internal energy use (parasitic load)](#internal-energy-and-parasitic-load).&#x20;

*Table A1 Summary of cow and chicken manure characteristics (from* [*Esnouf et al., 2021* ](#user-content-fn-1)[^1]*unless otherwise stated).*

<table><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th width="174">Value for Chicken</th><th>Value for Cow</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Fresh matter as nitrogen (%)</td><td><a data-footnote-ref href="#user-content-fn-2">1.4</a></td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Dry matter in manure (%)</td><td>-</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Dry matter as nitrogen (%)</td><td>-</td><td>2.7</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrogen lost as N<sub>2</sub>O per 180 days of storage (%)</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Rate of N<sub>2</sub>O released from manure spreading (kgN<sub>2</sub>O/t of manure spread)</td><td>0.177</td><td>0.177</td></tr><tr><td><a data-footnote-ref href="#user-content-fn-3">Biochemical methane potential (BMP) (m<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub>/tonne fresh manure)</a></td><td>86</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>Methane emissions during storage (as % of BMP)</td><td>1.5</td><td>1.5</td></tr></tbody></table>

*Table A2 Summary of slurry characteristics (from* [*Esnouf et al., 2021* ](#user-content-fn-1)[^1]*unless otherwise stated).*

<table><thead><tr><th width="443">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Dry matter in slurry (%)</td><td>4.27</td></tr><tr><td>Dry matter as nitrogen (%)</td><td>7.11</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrogen lost as N<sub>2</sub>O per 180 days of storage (%)</td><td>0.08</td></tr><tr><td>Rate of N<sub>2O</sub> released from slurry spreading (kgN<sub>2</sub>O/t of manure spread)</td><td>0.057</td></tr><tr><td><a data-footnote-ref href="#user-content-fn-3">Biochemical methane potential (BMP) (m<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub>/tonne fresh slurry)</a></td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Methane emissions during storage (as % of BMP)</td><td>36</td></tr></tbody></table>

### Ecoinvent activities

The table below presents a non-exhaustive selection of Ecoinvent activities that may be used in the GHG reduction calculations for this methodology. Additional activities may be used for any project, if the following selection does not cover all relevant activities.

*Table A3 List of ecoinvent 3.12 processes used in the GHG reduction quantification model, all processes are from the cutoff database.*

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="223">Input</th><th>Ecoinvent activity name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>grid electricity</td><td><ul><li>market for electricity, low voltage</li><li>market for electricity, medium voltage</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>onsite solar electricity</td><td>electricity production, photovoltaic, 570kWp open ground installation, multi-Si</td></tr><tr><td>diesel fuel material</td><td><ul><li>market for diesel, low-sulfur</li><li>market for diesel</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>diesel burning</td><td><ul><li>diesel, burned in agricultural machinery</li><li>diesel, burned in diesel-electric generating set, 18.5kW</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>natural gas burning</td><td>natural gas, burned in gas turbine</td></tr><tr><td>heat, from steam</td><td>market for heat, from steam, in chemical industry</td></tr><tr><td>heat, from municipal incineration</td><td>heat, from municipal waste incineration to generic market for heat district or industrial, other than natural gas</td></tr><tr><td>heat, from biomethane burning</td><td>market for heat, central or small-scale, biomethane</td></tr><tr><td>heat, from straw burning in a furnace</td><td>heat production, straw, at furnace 300kW</td></tr><tr><td>heat, from natural gas</td><td><ul><li>market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas</li><li>market for heat, central or small-scale, natural gas</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>water</td><td><ul><li>market for tap water</li><li>market for water, decarbonised</li><li>market for water, deionised</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>non-hazardous landfill</td><td><ul><li>market for process-specific burdens, slag landfill</li><li>market for process-specific burdens, sanitary landfill</li><li>market for process-specific burdens, inert material landfill</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>hazardous waste treatment</td><td><ul><li>market for hazardous waste, for incineration</li><li>market for hazardous waste, for underground deposit</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Energy crop: maize silage</td><td>maize silage production | maize silage | Cutoff, U, RoW</td></tr><tr><td>Energy crop: sunflower</td><td>market for sunflower silage | sunflower silage | Cutoff, U, GLO</td></tr><tr><td>Energy crop: rye grass</td><td>market for ryegrass silage | ryegrass silage | Cutoff, U, GLO</td></tr><tr><td>Energy crop: other grass silage</td><td>grass silage production, Swiss integrated production, intensive | grass silage, Swiss integrated production | Cutoff, U, CH</td></tr><tr><td>Energy crop: alfalfa, and triticale</td><td>alfalfa-grass mixture production, Swiss integrated production | alfalfa-grass mixture, Swiss integrated production | Cutoff, U, CH</td></tr><tr><td>Energy crop: whole corn</td><td>sweet corn production | sweet corn | Cutoff, U, RoW</td></tr><tr><td>Straw</td><td>wheat grain production | straw | Cutoff, U, RoW</td></tr><tr><td>Biogas plant construction</td><td>anaerobic digestion plant construction, agriculture, with methane recovery | anaerobic digestion plant, agriculture, with methane recovery | Cutoff, U, RoW</td></tr></tbody></table>

[^1]: Esnouf A., Brockmann D., Cresson R. (2021) Analyse du cycle de vie du biométhane issu de ressources agricoles - Rapport d’ACV. INRAE Transfert, 170pp.

[^2]: Gangagni Rao Anupoju, Ahuja, S., Bharath Gandu, Sandhya K, Kranti Kuruti and Venkata Swamy Yerramsetti (2015). Biogas from Poultry Litter: A Review on Recent Technological Advancements. Springer eBooks, pp.133–147. doi:<https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17915-5\\_8>.

[^3]: Methasim project data 2021 <https://ifip.asso.fr/base-de-donnees-methasim/>


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